A transforaminal nerve block is a type of nerve block commonly used to treat pain originating from the spinal nerves as they exit the spine. During the procedure, a local anesthetic and sometimes a corticosteroid medication are injected near the affected nerve as it exits the spinal canal through an opening called the foramen. This injection helps to temporarily block pain signals and reduce inflammation around the affected nerve root. Transforaminal nerve blocks are often used to treat conditions such as radiculopathy, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or other causes of nerve compression in the spine. They can provide both diagnostic information and therapeutic pain relief.

A caudal epidural injection is a type of nerve block used to relieve pain in the lower back and legs, typically caused by conditions such as spinal stenosis, herniated discs, or sciatica. During the procedure, a corticosteroid medication is injected into the epidural space near the base of the spine (the sacral area), where the nerves exit. This medication helps reduce inflammation and relieve pain by numbing the affected nerves. Caudal epidural injections can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation, allowing patients to participate in physical therapy or other rehabilitative treatments.